Melasma is a pigmentary disorder that is challenging to treat and especially common in people of Asian descent. Recently, oral tranexamic acid (TA) has shown potential for treating this condition..
Apraclonidine is an a2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak a1 adrenergic receptor agonist (Committee, 2019)..
The process of facial aging is complex and is a cumulative effect of simultaneous changes of different facial tissues. It can be explained on an anatomical basis, as changes with aging occur at every...
An important process is assessment, planning and implementing (Seitz et al, 2019). As responsible practitioners, we must ask ourselves valuable questions during an examination. Although lip...
It has been well established that exposure to sun beds is a risk factor for skin cancer. Despite this, sunbeds are still commonly used throughout Europe. It is important to understand the determinants...
With the psychological distress and concerns that are associated with these skin conditions, societal impact is significant in forming, as well as eliminating, factors developed by the individual of...
Attempts to define the concept of beauty have been around for millennia. It is generally accepted that the best we can do mathematically is the number, or geometrical proportion, known as phi. It has...
Each of these types of changes to the décolletage requires a different treatment, and it is therefore important to establish during the consultation which changes are affecting the patient the most,...
When precision of supraperiosteal placement of a filler with a sharp needle was compared with a non-traumatic cannula in cadaver specimens, the cannula was shown to be more precise in placement of the...
Melanocytes make two forms of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin. The relative amounts of these two pigments help to determine the colour of a person's hair and skin. People who produce mostly...
According to Hamilton (1995), 80% of patients with needle phobia described the same strong needle fear in a first-degree relative, indicating that it is learned from a role model during childhood (Du...
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